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SCIENCE MISSIONS
Browse ESA’s Science Missions

ESA science missions have been delivering excellent scientific results and driving breakthrough advancements in numerous fields. The next generation of spacecraft promise to continue this tradition, bringing us closer to uncover the secrets of the Universe.

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Explore a subset of the ESA Science Programme missions here. Additional mission pages are in progress.
The currently available mission pages are ESA's flagship missions launched from 2013 and to be launched (L-class), and the ones in development (M- and F-class).

2026
Terrestrial planet hunter
Plato
plato
astrophysics
in development
esa led
empty
2029
Visiting a pristine comet
Comet Interceptor
comet interceptor
planetary science
in development
esa led
empty
2035
First gravitational wave detector in space
LISA
lisa
fundamental physics
in development
esa led
empty
2025
Imaging Earth’s magnetic environment
Smile
smile
heliophysics
in development
esa joint mission
empty
2031
Understanding why Venus is so different from Earth
Envision
envision
planetary science
in development
esa led
empty
2018
Investigating Mercury's mysteries
BepiColombo
bepicolombo
planetary science
operational
esa led
empty
2040
Exploring the habitability of Saturn’s Icy Moons
L4 to Enceladus
l4 to enceladus
planetary science
future
esa led
empty
2023
Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants
Juice
juice
planetary science
operational
esa led
empty
2029
Analysing exoplanet atmospheres
Ariel
ariel
astrophysics
in development
esa led
empty
2020
the sun up close
Solar Orbiter
solar orbiter
heliophysics
operational
esa led
empty
2013
ESA's billion star surveyor
Gaia
gaia
astrophysics
post operational
esa led
empty
2023
Exploring the dark Universe
Euclid
euclid
astrophysics
operational
esa led
empty
2037
Advanced telescope for high-energy astrophysics
NewAthena
newathena
astrophysics
in study
esa led
empty
Page in progress
1975
gamma-ray telescope
Cos-B
cos-b
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2028
Solar Observing satellite
SOLAR-C
solar-c
heliophysics
in development
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
1997
Titan Explorer
Cassini Huygens
cassini huygens
planetary science
completed
esa joint mission
empty
Page in progress
2030
Galaxy Halos Imager
ARRAKIHS
arrakihs
astrophysics
in study
esa led
Page in progress
1999
Exploring X-Ray Universe Wonders
XMM-Newton
xmm-newton
astrophysics
operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2016
Observing the Principle of Equivalence
Microscope
microscope
fundamental physics
completed
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
1990
Pushing the visible Universe frontiers
Hubble
hubble
astrophysics
operational
partner led
Page in progress
2006
Solar Optical Telescope
Hinode
hinode
heliophysics
operational
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
2005
X-Ray Satellite
Suzaku
suzaku
astrophysics
completed
partner led
Page in progress
2003
Earths Magnetotail Explorer
Double Star
double star
heliophysics
completed
partner led
Page in progress
2023
X-Ray Imager and Spectroscoper
XRISM
xrism
astrophysics
operational
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
2024
STUDYING the Universe in X-ray Light
Einstein Probe
einstein probe
astrophysics
operational
partner led
Page in progress
2026
Martian Moons eXploration
MMX
mmx
planetary science
in development
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
2016
High-Energy Astrophysics Observatory
Hitomi
hitomi
astrophysics
completed
partner led
Page in progress
1995
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
SOHO
soho
heliophysics
operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
1989
mapping the heavens
Hipparcos
hipparcos
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
1983
European X-ray Observatory SATellite
Exosat
exosat
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
1995
Infrared Space Observatory
ISO
iso
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2005
Investigating the Venusian atmosphere
Venus Express
venus express
planetary science
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2002
Extreme Universe surveyor
Integral
integral
astrophysics
post operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2003
Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology.
SMART-1
smart-1
planetary science
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2027
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Roman
roman
astrophysics
in development
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
2006
Rocky Planets Detector
COROT
corot
astrophysics
completed
partner led
Page in progress
2007
Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft
Chang’e 1
chang’e 1
planetary science
completed
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
1978
International Ultraviolet Explorer
IUE
iue
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2003
Mars Imager
Mars Express
mars express
planetary science
operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2004
Living with a Comet
Rosetta
rosetta
planetary science
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2009
PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy
Proba-2
proba-2
heliophysics
post operational
mission of opportunity
empty
Page in progress
2013
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
IRIS
iris
heliophysics
operational
mission of opportunity
Page in progress
1990
Charting the Sun's Poles
Ulysses
ulysses
heliophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2016
Mars Trace Gas Orbiter
ExoMars TGO
exomars tgo
planetary science
operational
mission of opportunity
empty
Page in progress
2024
Project for OnBoard Autonomy
Proba-3
proba-3
heliophysics
operational
mission of opportunity
empty
Page in progress
2009
Space Observatory
Herschel
herschel
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2021
James Webb Space Telescope
Webb
webb
astrophysics
operational
partner led
Page in progress
2000
Measuring the Sun-Earth Connection in 3D
Cluster
cluster
heliophysics
post operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2015
Gravitational Wave PIONEER
LISA Pathfinder
lisa pathfinder
fundamental physics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2019
Characterising ExOPlanet Satellite
Cheops
cheops
astrophysics
operational
esa led
empty
Page in progress
1985
COMET NUCLEUS IMAGING
Giotto
giotto
planetary science
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2008
Journey to the Moon
Chandrayaan-1
chandrayaan-1
planetary science
completed
partner led
Page in progress
2009
Studying the Big Bang Remnants
Planck
planck
astrophysics
completed
esa led
empty
Page in progress
2006
Infrared Telescope
Akari
akari
astrophysics
completed
partner led
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